Method and means for preparing books for binding



C. SCH RAMM Feb. 13, 1940.

METHOD AND MEANS FOR PREPARING BOOKS FOR "BINDING Filed arch 15, 1939 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 am 5 QS m C. SCHRAMM Feb. 13, 1940.

METHOD AND MEANS FOR` PREPARING BOOKS FOR BINDING Filed March l5, 1939 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Zij/9% MAM-INT0? Feb., 13, y1940. c. SCHRAMM 2,189,929

METHOD AND MEANS FOR PREPARING BOOKS FOR BINDING Filed March l5, 1939 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented 13, 1940` y AND MEANS Foa PREPARING Books Yron BINDING METHOD PATENT oFFics Carl Schramm, Northwr Coventry, Conn., assigner l to The Smyth'Manufacturing Company, Hartford, Conn., a corporation of Connecticut` i a Applicata@ March 15, 1939, serial No. 261,867

m m ,a 24 olinis.y The invention relates ton-a method of land means for treating unbound books 'and delivering themin ycondition for subsequent binding operations.' f

The present v conception contemplates in its preferred although not `sole practice or ernbodi-j edges and the head (top) and tail ,'(bottom) edges', then to means `which `will apply and spread the books between 'the operations so that the` books will retain their desired shapes and will be discharged in identical uniformfand undistorted condition. m I In order to avoid unnecessary complicationv of the drawings the mainsupporting frame of the machine and the driving power andconnections m are not illlustrated in detail as those features may be varied and are .not essential to the Vpresent invention, the means and the immediate operating mechanisms for effectingthe Various results only v .being shown.

In theaccompanying drawings Fig. l l-A. a continuation of Fig. 1, taken together show top pian viewof the essential elements of an l ventire mrLchinecOnStruCted to practice the invention. 2 :is a front elevation of the rack for receiving and the means` for feeding groups of books along the rack. Fig. 3 is a View looking toward the left hand end of Fig. 2. Fig. 4. is a View lockingr toward the right hand end of Fig. 2. In these views an oscillatory` section of the left m hand end of the lackr is showngas `turned over toward the rear. 1 g i Fig. 5 is a view looking toward theleit hand end oi the rack before the oscillatory section is turned over. `t is a View of the rack looking from thedotted line --t on Fig. 2. Fig. '7 is a' rear' elevation oi `the receiving rack and group Ifeeding means. Fig. 8 is an elevation of tWoY and Fig] (Cin-.1)

groups of books on va vertically movable support,`

. one group being in nipping `position and the other being in smashing position. Fig. 9 showsa series of groups as advanced from smashing position to the positions in which the `fore edges,` and the head and tail edges are trimmed. FigxQ-A is;a continuation of Fig. 9 'and shows groups oi `books that have been trimmed `being carried past gluing means and delivered onto a` discharge conveyor. Fig. l0 is a section, with parts broken away, on plane denoted by dotted line` iQ-lil on Fig. l, showing a group of books being nipped.` Fig. 11 is a similar View on dotted line H-H on Fig. 1 showing a group-of books being smashed. i f l Fig. 12 is a section on plane 12-12, Fig. 1, showing the means for ieedng the groups of books from smashing positionto the trimming positions. Fig. 13 is a sectionon plane l3--|3, Fig. 1, showing a groupy of books at the first trimming station. Fig. 14 is a section on plane lli-I4, Fig. l-A, where the `groups of books are released from the ymeans which feeds them past the trimming-stations, and are graspedby the means which carries them over the glue applying means. i Fig.\15 is a section on'plane I5-I5, Fig. 1-A,showing a group of` books about to be glued. Fig. 16 is a section on plane `Hi-I6, Fig. 1-A, snowinga` group of glued books about to be' released `onto the` `discharge. conveyor. Fig. 17 is a section showing the glue `applying and spreading means. Fig. 18 is a detailof the `carrier chain drive. Fig. 19 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the passage of the groups ofbooksthrough the machine.` Fig.20 is a side elevation with 'parts broken away `of mechanism employed in opening and closing and advancing and returning the jaws which carry the books over the gluing means. Fig. 2l is a section throughthe trimming mechanism on plane indicated by dotted line 2 I`2I on Fig.` l. Fig. 22 is a transverse section of the trimming mechanism on plane indicated by dotted linen- 22 on Fig. 21. Fig. 23 is a diagram illustrating the path ofmovement of a trimming blade.

j The desired numberoi books B are grouped side by side by. an operative and placed in a sectional rack that has a front member 20 and a back suv member 2 l' arranged 90?A in relation to each other with the apex at the bottom. 'The members of g the main section` of `the rack are fastened to` ment with the Lmain section over toward the l back. The yokey 24 is pivoted on a shaft 25, and it has an arm 25 which is connected by a link 2l with a lever 28 that is actuated at the proper times by a cam on cam disk 2S? to turn the oscillatory section 45 and carry a group of books therein from the position shown in Fig. 5 to the position shown in Fig. 3.

Two endless chains 30 that are adjustable with relation to each other but travel together below the rack, have a plurality of arms 3l which project so as to pass in pairs, one arm of each pair being on one chain and the other arm of each pair on the adjacent chain, through an opening 4that extends longitudinally of the bottom of the rack. The chains are shown as driven bya reciprocatory toothed rackv 32 which engages a pinion 33 that through-a ratchet and pawl means 34 intermittently turn the chain sprockets 35, Fig. 7. The toothed rackis indicated as connected by a link 36 to a lever 3l that is oscillated by a cam on the cam disk 38, Fig. 19." The books are grouped in the feed rack between pairs of the arms with their backs resting against the back member and their heads resting against the front memberof the rack, and with an arm which extends from one chain in front of a corner of the group and an'arm which extends from the other chain in back of a corner ofthe group, Fig. 2. vThe travel of the chain causes the arms to advance the books of a group en masse from station to station along the feed rack, during which time the books may be tapped by the attendant so that their backs will rest uniformly against the back member and their heads will rest uniformly against the front member of the rack. If the forward group is of the required thickness and fills the space between its supporting arms it is advanced until it reaches the oscillatory section of the feed rack which then is turned over backward until the backs of the books are down and in a horizontalplane.

From this turned back position the group is pushed by a nnger 39 onto a support 40 which then is raised and lifts the group between jaws 4| and 42 which nip, that is, compress the books near their back edges. The jaw 4| is preferably fixed in lposition while the jaw 42 is movable transversely of the books and opened and closed by vpowerful mechanism, such as the toggles 43, Figs. 1 and 10. After the group` has been compressed between the nipping jaws the movable jaw is opened and the support with the group is lowered to a position in which thegroup may be pushed by a finger 44 along the support to f a station where the support is again raised and the group lifted between plates 45 and 46. The plate 45 is preferably fixed and the plate 46 is transversely movable, and is opened and closed by powerful mechanism, such as the toggles 4l'. By these plates the booksare smashed, that is, subjected to heavy pressure over their entire side surfaces, Figs. 1, 11. After the group of books has been smashed the movable plate is opened and the support with the compressed group is lowered to a position in which the group may be pushed by a nger 48 from the support 40 to the next station. The support for the groups in the nipping and smashing positions' 8l may be arranged to contact the jaw 6l.

toggles 49, 50, the joints of which are connected together by a bar 5I so they will act together, Fig. 8. One of the toggles is connected by a link 52 with a lever 53 that may be actuated at the proper times by a cam on the cam disk 38, Fig. 19.

'Ihe fingers 39, 44 and 48 are slidably connected at their outer ends with a bar 54 that is attached to the ends of two racks 55 which are engaged by pinions ill on a shaft 58 that has a pinion 5@ adapted to be rotated back and forth by a vertically movable rack 60, Fig. 1. The inner ends of the fingers are adapted to move freely into and out of the path of the groups of books, in ways in arms 6A!l that project from a slide B2 which is movable back and forth longitudinally of the book path on a guide 63, Figs. 1, 10, 11. The vertical rack 60 is shown as adapted to be raised and lowered by an angle lever 64 controlled by a cam on the disk 38, and the slide 62 is shown as adapted to be reciprocated by a lever 65 that is controlled by a cam on the disk 38, Fig. 19.l By these mechanisms the fingers which push the books froml the feed rack onto the support in nipping and smashing positions and fromthe latter position, are at the designed timesmoved in transversely back of the groups,

then moved longitudinally to push the groups from position to position, then withdrawn trans-y versely and returned to starting position for advancing following groups of books.

.At the station to which a group of books is pushed from the smashing station the group is grasped near theI backs of the books by carrier jaws 66, 6lwhich' are opened and closed and advanced step by step. There are several pair of carrier jaws connected with an endless chain 68 that extends along one side of the machine from approximately the smashing station to the glue applying locality-and is moved step by step in synchronism with the movements of the feed fingers. For moving the chain the vshaft of one of the chain sprocket wheels may have a ratchet wheel E@ engaged by a pawl l0 which is attached to a `gear 'll that is driven by a pinion 'l2 which is engaged by a segmental rack 13, Fig. 18. This segmental rack may be provided with an arm i4 that is connected by a link 'I5 with an end of fthe lever 65 which is actuated by a cam on the disk 38, Fig. 19.

The carrierjaw EE is xed to a transversely movable slide 76 and the carrier jaw 5l is movably mounted on the slide and is drawn toward the jaw S6 for clasping the group of books by a spring ll, Fig. 12. One end of the slide is supported by a track 'i8 and the other end is movably supported by a block 79 that is fastened to the carrier chain 68. to permit the entrance of a group of books between the carrier jaws, a sliding rack 80 with a tooth 'Ihis rack may be engaged by a pinion 32 that at the proper times is actuated by suitable mechanism to draw the jaw Gl open against the pull of the closing spring ll and then release the jaw and allow the pull of the spring to close the jaw 61 against the entered group of'books, Fig. 12. The carrier-jaw-opening mechanism above described is arranged adjacent to the receiving end of the carrier chain 68 and before the trimming stations. Similar mechanism, Fig. 14, is arranged adjacent to the discharge end of the carrier chain 68 for releasing the groups of books after they have been trimmed.

The carrier jaws hold the groups of books while the carrier chain advances the groups step by For opening the jaw 6l slept@mealsl which trims the fore-edges:`of the' books andthen tov means which *trimsv the head andA tail edges of thebooks.

:'As a group of books reaches the first trimming stationtlie slide l5. with the carrier jaws 66 and lil holding 'the group are moved as anunt` side'- wise 'out of the normal path through the machine andthe books set against: abacking plate d3, Figs. l, 1.3. This ise'ected by means of the engagement of` a rack 84 with a1 movable section Hf of the guide-Way 'i'l'` thatis temporarily connected with the end'ot the slide '|61 the rack lbl being reciprocated at the proper times by the rotatory movements of apinion 8.6, Fig. 13;

With the groupl backed on one side bythe plate .831e clampingplate 8l is moved `horizontally vagainst the other side near the fore edges of the books, and following this` a cutter bladeA 3B is.` forced transversely across the lore edges with 4 an oblique movement rso as to shear those edges. Theclamping plate B'! is-forceol4 liorizontalllyY toward" the book path by toggles'` 8S `which may be opened and closedfbya rack 9| reciprocatedby k with'the path of the: books through the' machine.

plate 'l is supported in the fraineci` the machine so that itmay be moved'in'and out transversely of the book| path by convenient mecha-- nisin.. The plate 9i carries a shaft 99 on` one end oi which is a pinion 99 that engages a rack in therear edge of the cutter'slide Bil, and

. ment of the fore edge trimming bladesis diagram-` `backing plate lilfl.

" books, Fig. l.

on the other end of this shaft is a` pinion liti that engages With a rack m2 in a plate m35 that is fined to the top of the frame, Fig. 2l. By this'rneans when the plate El isv moved inward the'lixed' rack causes the rotation of the pinions ed, lill and the rotation of the'. pinion |El| coincidently causes the cutter slide tomove transversely of the carrying plate, and therebyas the cutter blade` is carried toward ther book path it is also carried longitudinally of thev book path, the resultant movement causing an oblique shearing action across the fore' edges of the books `that are clamped in this position, Figs.` l. 2l.. This moven'iatically indicated in Fig; 23. i

As the fore edge trimming blade andV clamp plate are withdrawn the carrier jaws Et' and .El holding the group of trimmed books are returned transversely to the normal path by the means previously described, and then are advanced. two steps to carry the books to the second trimming station where the head and tail edges may be trimmed. moved sidewise out of the normal path'by such means as previously described and set against a Here there` are twospaced clamp plates llb and lil@ and two spaced trimblades lll'i and itil, arranged vc-:rtic'ally so' they may be used,` as desired, to hold and trim either or both thefhead and tail -edges of the The fore edge clamp-plate and trimming blade, as above described, are moved inhorizontalplanes, while the head and tail ,rier' chain V13, Fig. "14.

The cutter blade l Atthis `station the books areagain The clamp plates for holdingr the book; are being trimmed are: duplicates, as `are 'theblades for effecting the. trimming of the edges,

and the` mechanismv for causing the movements The vertically arranged head and tail clamp plates `are actuated by toggles |69 engaged by yof the clamp plates and trimming blades are alike.` i

racks lill, and are connected with blocks ll l, be-

Aas above described in connection with the horizontally movable blade employed tovtrim the fore edges of the books.

After .the head and. tail edges ci the books have` been trimmed and as the clamps and cutting blades arewithdrawn the `trimmed group is rei turned transversely to the normal path through the machine as previously described and carried to an idle position Where the4 books are gripped by carrier arms Eiland released from the jaws @E and El thatare attached to the car- The carrier arms of which' two pair are illustrated, are held by carriages' |53 that` are movable on fixed tracks ||9`para1lel with the book path Fig. 1-A...The

carriages 'l l may be reoiprocated by a lever |20` that is shown as connected by a link, |2l with the lever ld so that the movements of the carriagesv will synchronize with the movements of the groups to the nipping,fsmashing. `and trimming means, Fig. 19, The carrier arms on one side of the book path are shown as opened and closed transversely of the book path by means of pin and slot connections to be reciprocated in` the' carriage H8 on that side, Figs. l-A, 20. When the carriage reaches one end of its reciprocatory movement the bar |23 engaged by a lever |24 and pushed in one direction and when the carriage reaches the other end of its travel the bar |23 is engaged by a lever |25 and pushed in the opposite direction, Fig. 20. l,

The carrier arms lll grip a group of books and carry it rst to an idle station |25 and then to another idle station lai. In traveling from one to the other of these stations the group passes over the adhesive applying .means, Fig. l-A. This means is illustrated as comprising a rotatable roll |28 that gathers glue from a tank |29 and applies it to the backs of the books ofthe group as they pass, and `a brush |38 that Will spread the glue over the backs, Figs. .fl-A, i7; i9, 2c. after passing the adhesive applying means the groupis deposited upon conveyor chains |3| which have transverse ridges |32, lig'.` .fl-A, that will hold the glued backs of the books above the main surface ofthe conveyor and carry the group between guide` rails |33, Fig. l-A,un-

' til the glue has hardened llto the desired 4condition.

and the adjustment ci the mechanisms, but of.

|22 `between the .Shanks of the arms anda bar |23 that is free courbe the groups` must be `the .same thickness .for each adjustment. As many books are continuously passing through the machine and are being subjected vto the respective operations at the time the outputl is' large. And as. the

mechanisms treat all the books inexactly the same manner the r'e'sult is uniformity of product.

If the books passed through the machine are to have the heads only trimmed the fore and tail trimming blades may be rendered ineffective, and if the books are to be nished with deckle edges all of the trimming blades may be rendered idle. In case nipping only is desired the smashing` plates may be rendered ineffective, or if smashing is suicient nipping may be omitted.

The invention claimed is:

l. The method of preparing books for binding which comprises grouping side by side a plurality of books, feeding said books en masse step by step to means which compresses the books flatwise, carrying saidv compressed group of books to means which trims edges of the books, passing said trimmed books en masse to means Which applies glue to their back edges, and discharging the glued books for subsequent treatment.

2. The method of preparing books for binding which comprises grouping side by side a plurality of books, feeding said books en masse step by step to means which compresses the books atwise and which at the same time holds their backs from distortion, carrying said compressed group of books to means which trims edges of the books, passing said trimmed books en masse to means which applies glue to their back edges, and discharging the glued books forsubsequent treatment.

The method of preparing books for binding which comprises grouping side by side a plurality of books, feeding said books en masse step by step to means which compresses the books flatwise and which at the same time holds their backs `from distortion, carrying said compressed group of books to means which trims the fore edges oi the books, passing said trimmed books enA masse to means which applies glue to their back edges, and discharging the glued books for subsequent treatment.

4. The method of preparing books for4 binding which comprises grouping side by side a plurality of books, feeding said books en masse step -by step to means which compresses the books flatwise and which at the same time holds their backs from distortion, carrying said compressed group of books to means which trims the head edges of lthe books, passing said trimmed books en masse to means which applies glue to their back edges, and discharging the glued books for subsequent treatment.

5. The method of preparing stitched books for binding which comprises grouping side by side a plurality of books, feeding said books en masse step by step to means which compresses the books iiatwise and which at the same time holds their backs from distortion, carrying said compressed group of books to `means which trims the tail edges of the books, passing said trimmed books en masse to means which applies glue to their back edges, and discharging the glued books for subseq uent treatment.

6. The method of preparing books for binding which comprises grouping side by side a plurality of books, feeding said books en masse to means which holds their backs from distortion and which compresses the books iiatwise rst near their backs and then over their entire sides, carrying said compressed group of books to means which trims edges of the books, passing said trimmed books en masse to means which applies glue to their back edges, and discharging the glued books for subsequent treatment.

'7. The method of preparing books for binding which comp-rises grouping side by side a plu-J rality of books, feeding said books en masse step by step to means which compresses the books flatwise rst near their backs and then over their entire sides and which holds their backs from distortion, carrying said compressed group of books to co-operating means which clamp and trim their fore edges, transferring said mass of books to co-operating means which clamp and trim their head and tail edges, passing said trimmed books en masse to means which applies glue to their back edges, and stacking the glued books for subsequent treatment.

8. The method of preparing books for binding which comprises assembling the ,books side by side into a plurality of groups, feeding said groups in succession with step by step movements and sequentially applying pressure to the sides of the groups and compressing the books flatwise, trimming edgesof the books in the groups, applying glue to the backs of the books in the groups, and

stacking the groups for further treatment of the books.

9. The method of preparing books for binding which comprises assembling the books side by side into a plurality of groups, feeding said groups in succession with step by step movements and `during dwell between movements applying pressure to the sides of the groups and compressing thebooks latwiseand next trimming edges of the books in the groups, and then during following movements applying glue to the backs of the books in the groups and depositing the groups for further treatment of the books.

10. The methodof preparing books for binding which comprises assembling the books side by side into a plurality of groups, feeding said groups in succession with step .by step movements and during dwell between movements applying pressure to the sides of the groups and compressing the books flatwise, trimming the fore, head and tail edges of the books in the groups, and

during following movements applying glue to the back edges of the books in thegroups and depositing the groups for further treatment of the books.

11. A machine for preparing groups of books for binding which comprises cooperating means for receiving and compressing the groups flatwise, co-operating means including a plurality of cutter blades for trimming edges of the books, means for applying glue to the backs of the books` a conveyor arranged to receive the groups of glued books, and feeding mechanism for advancing groups of books in succession step by step sequentially to the above recited means.

12. A machine for preparing groups of books for binding which comprises a conveyor co-operating means for receiving from the conveyor and compressing the groups of books atwise, means engaging the backs of the books for supporting the groups of books and holding the book backs flat When groups are being compressed, co-operating means for trimming edges other than the backs of the books, means for applying glue to the backs of the books, a conveyor arranged to receive the groups of glued books, and feeding mechanism for advancing groups of books in succession step by step sequentially to the above recited means.

13. A machine for preparing groups of books for binding which comprises co-operating means for receiving and compressing atwise the groups near the backs of the books, co-operating means 75,

forfreceiving andcornpressing:.ilatwisef the groups: over: their entire: side faces', means for supporting. thelfgroups arid-holding the book backs iiatf when" groups arefbeing compressed, co-operatingishearingfmeansvfortriming edgesof. the books, and

means fors applying `gluetoilth'e backs ofi therbooks,

a conveyor arranged to` receive the groups, of;

glued books; and feeding. mechanism. for advanc.`

ing groups of. books insuccession step by stepv sequentially to the above recited' means.

14. A machine for' preparinggroups of. books` for` binding 'vvh'ich` comprises co-operating means for receiving and compressing the groups of books flatwise, means for supporting the groupsl and holding the bookbacks flat when groups are being compressed, co-operating means `for trimming the lfore edges of thebooks, co-operating means l for trimming the head and tail edges of the books,

means `for applying glue to the backs of the books, a conveyor arranged to receive the groups of glued books, and feeding mechanism for advanc-` ing groups of books insuccession step by step sequentially to the above recited means.

15, A machine for preparing groups of books for bindingy which comprises co-operatingmeans for receiving and compressing flatWise the groups near the backs of the books, co-operating means for receiving and compressing the groups of books flatvvise near the backs of the books, co operating means for receiving `andcompressing l,

flatwise the groups over their entire side faces, means for supporting the groups and holding `the bock backs flat when groups are 'being compressed, co-operating means for' trimming the fore .edges of the books, cca-operating means for trimming the head and ytail edges ofthe books, means for applying glue to the backs of the books, and feeding mechanism for advancing-groups of books in succession step by step sequentially to the above recited means.

16. A machine for preparing groups ofbooks for binding which comprises co-operating plates for compressing the groups over theirlside faces,`

means for supporting thebooks and holding the book backs flat v when groups are being compressed, co-operating shearing means for ytrimming edges of the books, means fory applying glue to the backs of the books, a vconveyor `arranged to receive the groups of glued books, and feeding mechanism Ifor advancing groups of books in succession step byl step sequentially to the above i recited means.

17. A machine for preparing groups of books for binding which comprises cooperating jaws for compressing the groups near the backs of the books, co-operating' plates for compressing the groups over their entireside faces,-means for supporting `the groups and holding thebook backs at when groups are being compressed,` co-' operating means for trimming edges of the books,

means for applying glue to the backs .of the books,

the groups over their entire side faces, means `for supporting the groups andv holding the book backs fiat When groups are being compressed, co-operating shearing dies for trimming the `'fore edges of the books, co-operating shearing dies for trimming the head and tail edges of the `the above recited means.

books, means: for applyingglueito thebacks ofy f thei books, a. conveyor).arrangedilto'` receive the groups of'. gluedbooks; and feeding mechanism for-1advancingfgroups;` of books` in#succession step bystep` sequentially tothe above? recited means. 19. A machine for preparing groups` of books for'binding Whichcomprisesa stationary backingr plate and` a rio-operating movable:` plate for' receiving. and compressing the vgroups over their side-faces,` .au-,plate` engagingzthe. backs ofthe bonksawfor` supporting the? groups and holding the book backsfi'at when the groupslarefbeingcompressedt a iiXed shearing die and a co-operating movable shearing blade for trimming edges other than .the backs or the books,"means for applying glue to the backs of the books, a conveyor arranged toreceive the groups of Iglued books, and mechanism for advancing the groups of books in succession step bystep. sequentially to 20. A machine for preparing groups of books for binding which comprises a stationarybacking ja-W and a co-operating vmovable jaw for receiving and compressing the groups near the backs of the books, a stationary backing plate andco-operating movable plate for receiving and compressing the groups over their entire `side faces, a plate for supporting the groups and holding the book backs flat when groups arel being compressed, a xed shearing `die and aco-operat ing movable shearing blade for trimming thev fore edges ofI the books, means for applying glue to the backs of the books, a conveyor arranged to receive the groups of glued books, and feeding mechanism for advancing the groups of books in succession step by step sequentially to the abovei recited means.` y l f y 21. A machine `for preparing groups of books 1 `for binding Which comprises a stationary back-` l ing jaw and a co-operating movablejaw vfor receiving and compressing the: groups near the backs of the books, a stationary backing plate and co-operating movable plate` `for receiving and compressing the groups overtheir entire side faces, a plate for supporting the groups and hold-" 45 l ing the book backsflat when the groupsnare being compressed, a fixed shearing die and a cooperating movable shearing blade fortrimming the fore edges of thebooks, a iixedsh'eaiing die 4 and co-operating movable shearing blades for.' trimming the-V head and tail edges of the books,

means for applying glue to the backs of the books,

aconveyor arranged to receive. the groups of glued books, and feeding mechanism for advancing the groups of books in succession step by step sequentially to the above recited means.

22, A machine for preparing booksfor binding Which comprises `mechanism for groups 'of books arranged side by. side succeslsively step bystep through the machine, mechanism atv one locality for applying, when the advancing groups are stationary, pressure to the sidesur- Y faces of the groups, mechanism at tWo localities for trimming edges other than the backs of` the books when the groups are stationary, and mechanism at one locality for applyingglue to the backs of the books when` the groups are in mo-:

tion.

compriseslf mechanism fori i advancing groups of `books arranged side'by side sucessively step by step through the machine, mechanism at one locality for applying, when the groups are stationary, pressure to the side surfaces of the groups, mechanism at one locality for trimming-r 23. A machine for preparing books for binding which stationary, mechanism at one locality for .trimming the head edges and tail edges of the booksv when the groupsv are stationary, and mechanism for applying glue to the backs of the books When the groups are` in motion.

"24', A machine for preparing books for'binding which comprises mechanism for advancing groups of books arranged side by side successively step by step through the machine, mechanism at one locality -for applying, when the groups are stationary, pressure to the sides of the groups the foreedges of the books when the groups vare near. the backs-of7 the'books,mechanism at one locality for applying when the groups are stationary pressure:to the entire surfaces of the sides of the groups, mechanism at one locality for trimming the fore edges'of the books When the groups are stationary, mechanism at one locality for trimming the head edges and tail edges of the books when vthe groups are `stationary, and mechanism for applying glue to the backs of the books Whenthe groups are in 10% motion.

CARLf SCHRAMM. 

